- Laparoscopic procedures become nowadays more implemented in veterinary surgery. Laparoscopic interference has more advantages over the traditional celiotomy. Less postoperative complications is the main advantage. Ovariohystrectomy and Cryptorchidectomy are main indications for laparoscopic surgery.
- Four cases, OVE and Cryptorchidism, were operated laparoscopically. Retained testicles underwent neoplastic changes which are most likely to be seminoma. Before laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy, ultrasonography was performed to determine the accurate location of the retained testicles. Next to kidney or just caudal to the urinary bladder were the preferred site for a retained testicle.
- Two portals procedure was used for manipulation pf ovaries, uterus and retained testicles with widening of instrument portal for extraction.
